Caprice (c1894). Oil on canvas. 76 x 64. Henrietta Emma Ratcliffe Rae was a prominent English painter of the later Victorian era. Rae was born in Hammersmith, London, the youngest of seven children of a civil servant. Her mother was a musically talented student of Felix Mendelssohn. Her uncle, Charles Rae, was an artist and a student of George Cruikshank. Rae began studying art at the age of thirteen. She was educated at the Queen Square School of Art, Heatherley's School of Art, and the British Museum. She reportedly applied to the Royal Academy schools at least five times before eventually gaining a seven-year scholarship. Her teachers there included Frank Bernard Dicksee, William Powell Frith, and Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema; the last of these had the strongest influence on Rae's later work. She became a frequent exhibitor at the annual Royal Academy shows, beginning in 1881. Rae gained recognition and success early in her career, specializing in classical, allegorical, and literary subjects, often treated in a grand style and scale. Her Psyche at the Throne of Venus measured 12 feet by 7 feet and contained 13 figures. Other paintings in the same classical vein include her Ariadne, Eurydice, Zephyrus and Flora, Apollo and Daphne, Diana and Calisto, and Hylas and the Water Nymphs among many more. Eurydice won medals at exhibitions in Paris and at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Elaine Guarding the Shield of Lancelot was inspired by a Tennyson poem. Rae often painted historical subjects, like Sir Richard Whittington Dispensing His Charities, and portraits, often of socially prominent sitters like Lord Dufferin, whom she painted in 1901. Rae's 1891 picture of Florence Nightingale, Miss Nightingale at Scutari, was frequently reproduced as The Lady with the Lamp, and became probably her best-known work. In 1884, she married fellow artist Ernest Normand. They had two children, a son and a daughter. Henrietta Rae kept her maiden name after marriage, under which she had already begun to establish her reputation, an unusual choice at the time. She and her husband lived in Holland Park with many other artists of the day. The Normands were adopted as the proteges of the older artists among whom they lived. Their studio was constantly visited by Leighton, Millais, Prinsep, Watts, and others. The attention was not always welcome; in her memoirs, Rae described the sometimes overbearing attitudes and conduct of senior artists. In one case, Prinsep dipped his thumb in cobalt blue paint and marked up one of Rae's pictures; Rae gained her revenge by accidentally burning his hat on her stove. In 1893 the Normands moved to Upper Norwood, to a studio custom-built for them by Normand's father. The Normands traveled to Paris in 1890 to study at the Académie Julian with Jules Joseph Lefebvre and Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant. In 1897 Rae organized an exhibition of the work of female artists for the Jubilee of Queen Victoria. Like some other female artists of her time, Rae was a supporter of feminism and women's suffrage. Love's young dream. Elaine guarding the shield of Lancelot. Ariadne. Eurydice. Psyche at the throne of Venus. Diana and Calisto. Hylas and the water nymphs. Sir Richard Whittington dispensing his Charities Mural at the Royal Exchange, London.