Adam. Adam is a figure in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible and in the creation story of the Quran. According to the creation myth of the Abrahamic religions, he was the first man. In both Genesis and Quran, Adam and his wife were expelled from a Garden of Eden for eating the fruit of a tree forbidden by Yahweh or Allah, though various names are different, as is the sequence of events, the consequences of this disobedience, and Adam's later biography. Various forms of creationism and biblical literalism consider Adam to be a historical person. Scientific evidence does not support the idea that the entire human population descends from a single man. Based on a meta-analysis of reported values in the literature for many species, Traill et al. reported concerning vertebrates a cross-species frequency distribution of minimum viable population with a median of 4169 individuals. The word adam is also used in the Bible as a pronoun, individually as a human and in a collective sense as mankind. Biblical Adam is created from adamah, and makes considerable play of the bond between them, for Adam is estranged from the earth through his disobedience. The majority view among scholars is that the book of Genesis dates from the Persian period, but the absence from the rest of the Hebrew Bible of all the other characters and incidents mentioned in chapters 1-11 of Genesis, has led a sizable minority to the conclusion that was composed much later, possibly in the 3rd century BCE. The Bible uses the word in all of its senses: collectively, individually, gender nonspecific, and male. In Genesis 1:27 adam is used in the collective sense, and the interplay between the individual Adam and the collective humankind is a main literary component to the events that occur in the Garden of Eden, the ambiguous meanings embedded throughout the moral, sexual, and spiritual terms of the narrative reflecting the complexity of the human condition. Genesis 2:7 is the first verse where Adam takes on the sense of an individual man, and the context of sex is absent; the gender distinction of adam is then reiterated in Genesis 5:1-2 by defining male and female. A recurring literary motif is the bond between Adam and the earth: God creates Adam by molding him out of clay in the final stages of the creation narrative. After the loss of innocence, God curses Adam and the earth as punishment for his disobedience. Adam and humanity are cursed to die and return to the earth from which he was formed. This earthly aspect is a component of Adam's identity, and Adam's curse of estrangement from the earth seems to describe humankind's divided nature of being earthly yet separated from nature. God himself, who took of the dust from all four corners of the earth with each color, then created Adam therewith, where the soul of Adam is the image of God. Genesis 1 tells of God's creation of the world and its creatures, with humankind as the last of his creatures: Male and female created He them, and blessed them, and called their name Adam. God blesses mankind, commands them to be fruitful and multiply, and gives them dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. In Genesis 2, God forms Adam, this time meaning a single male human, out of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life. God then places this first man in the Garden of Eden, telling him that Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. God notes that It is not good that the man should be alone and brings the animals to Adam, who gives them their names, but among all the animals there was not found a companion for him. God causes a deep sleep to fall upon Adam and forms a woman, and Adam awakes and greets her as his helpmate., the story of the Fall: A serpent persuades the woman to disobey God's command and eat of the tree of knowledge, which gives wisdom. Woman convinces Adam to do likewise, whereupon they become conscious of their nakedness, cover themselves, and hide from the sight of God. God questions Adam, who blames the woman. God passes judgment, first upon the serpent, condemned to go on his belly, then the woman, condemned to pain in childbirth and subordination to her husband, and finally Adam, who is condemned to labour on the earth for his food and to return to it on his death.