Calvary. Golgotha, or Calvary, was, according to the Gospels, a site immediately outside Jerusalem's walls where Jesus was crucified.
Matthew's and Mark's gospels translate the term to mean place of skull, in Latin rendered Calvariæ Locus, from which the English word Calvary derives. Its traditional site, identified by Helena of Constantinople, the mother of Constantine the Great, in 325, is at the site of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
A 19th-century suggestion places it at the site now known as Skull Hill, some 500 m to the north. Historian Joan Taylor bases a location c. 175 m south-southeast of the traditional site on her reading of textual evidence.
The recorded form may be a simplified pronunciation of an Aramaic golgolta, corresponding to Hebrew gulgoleṯ skull. English Calvary is the anglicized form of the Latin gloss from the Vulgate, to refer to Golgotha in Luke 23:33,where the Greek text gives rather than the explicit of Matthew 26:33 and Mark 15:22.The adoption the Latin form has a long tradition in English Bible translations, going back to at least the late 10th century, and is retained in Wycliffe's Bible and Tyndale's Bible as well as in the King James Version.
By contrast, Martin Luther translates Luke's into German as Schädelstätte. The Latinism is also current in various other languages within the Latin sphere of influence, including Spanish and Italian Calvario, F
Matthew's and Mark's gospels translate the term to mean place of skull, in Latin rendered Calvariæ Locus, from which the English word Calvary derives. Its traditional site, identified by Helena of Constantinople, the mother of Constantine the Great, in 325, is at the site of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
A 19th-century suggestion places it at the site now known as Skull Hill, some 500 m to the north. Historian Joan Taylor bases a location c. 175 m south-southeast of the traditional site on her reading of textual evidence.
The recorded form may be a simplified pronunciation of an Aramaic golgolta, corresponding to Hebrew gulgoleṯ skull. English Calvary is the anglicized form of the Latin gloss from the Vulgate, to refer to Golgotha in Luke 23:33,where the Greek text gives rather than the explicit of Matthew 26:33 and Mark 15:22.The adoption the Latin form has a long tradition in English Bible translations, going back to at least the late 10th century, and is retained in Wycliffe's Bible and Tyndale's Bible as well as in the King James Version.
By contrast, Martin Luther translates Luke's into German as Schädelstätte. The Latinism is also current in various other languages within the Latin sphere of influence, including Spanish and Italian Calvario, F
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