Illuminated Manuscript. Illuminated manuscripts are handwritten books or documents that have been decorated with intricate and colorful designs, often including gold or silver leaf.
   These manuscripts were primarily created during the Middle Ages, from approximately the 5th to the 16th century, and were used for a variety of purposes, including religious devotion, education, and historical record-keeping. Illuminated manuscripts were typically created by monks and nuns in monasteries and convents, although some were also produced by professional scribes and artists.
   The creation of an illuminated manuscript was a labor-intensive process that required a high degree of skill and artistry. The first step was to prepare the parchment or vellum on which the text would be written.
   The parchment was then ruled with lines to guide the scribe's hand, and the text was written out using a quill pen and ink. Once the text was complete, the illumination process began.
   This involved adding decorative elements such as borders, initials, and illustrations to the pages. The designs were often inspired by religious themes, such as scenes from the Bible or the lives of the saints, although secular subjects were also depicted. The illuminations were created using a variety of materials,
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