Billiards. Billiards, a popular pastime since the 15th century, has been a recurring theme in paintings.
The game has been depicted in various artworks, reflecting the social, cultural, and historical contexts of the times. In the early years, billiards was a game primarily played by the European nobility and aristocracy.
Consequently, it was featured in paintings that showcased the luxurious lifestyles of the upper classes. One such example is Billiard Players by the Flemish Baroque artist Gonzales Coques, which portrays two elegantly dressed men engaged in a game.
As billiards became more accessible to the middle class, it began to appear in paintings that depicted everyday life. For example, The Billiard Table by the French painter Louis Léopold Boilly shows a group of middle-class men playing billiards in a public billiard room.
Some artists used billiards as a means of social commentary, reflecting on the vices and virtues of the time. In The Cheat with the Ace of Clubs by the French painter Georges de La Tour, a woman is seen cheating at cards while her accomplice distracts her opponent by pointing at a billiards game in the background. Billiards was often associated with cafés and bars, which were popular social gathering places. Artists like Édouard Manet and Edgar Degas captured the lively atmosphere of these establishments in their paintings. Manet's The Billiard Player and D