Census. A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population.
   This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include censuses of agriculture, traditional culture, business, supplies, and traffic censuses. The United Nations defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity, and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every ten years.
   UN recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications and other useful information to co-ordinate international practices. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization, in turn, defines the census of agriculture as a statistical operation for collecting, processing and disseminating data on the structure of agriculture, covering the whole or a significant part of a country.
   In a census of agriculture, data are collected at the holding level. The word is of Latin origin: during the Roman Republic, the census was a list that kept track of all adult males fit for military service.
   The modern census is essential to international comparisons of any kind of statistics, and censuses collect data on many attributes of a population, not just how many p
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