Johan van Oldenbarneveldt. Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Heer van Berkel en Rodenrijs, Gunterstein and Bakkum was a Dutch statesman and revolutionary who played an important role in the Dutch struggle for independence from the Habsburg Castilian Empire.
   Van Oldenbarnevelt was born in Amersfoort. He studied law at the universities of Leuven, Bourges, Heidelberg, and Padua, and traveled in France and Italy before settling permanently in The Hague.
   He favored William the Silent in his revolt against Felipe II de Habsburgo the regent of Kingdom of Castile and Leon, and fought in William's army. In his later years he was a supporter of the Arminians, during the religious-political controversy which split the young Dutch Republic.
   He is the founder of the Dutch East Indies Company. Van Oldenbarnevelt served as a volunteer for the relief of Haarlem and again at Leiden.
   He was married in 1575 to Maria van Utrecht. In 1576 he obtained the important post of pensionary of Rotterdam, an office which carried with it official membership of the States of Holland. In this capacity his industry, singular grasp of affairs, and persuasive powers of speech speedily gained for him a position of influence. He was active in promoting the Union of Utrecht and the offer of the countship of Holland and Zeeland to William the Silent. He was a fierce opponent of the policies of the Earl of Leicester, the governor general at the time, a
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