Hetch Hetchy. Hetch Hetchy is a valley, a reservoir, and a water system in California in the United States.
The glacial Hetch Hetchy Valley lies in the northwestern part of Yosemite National Park and is drained by the Tuolumne River. For thousands of years before the arrival of settlers from the United States in the 1850s, the valley was inhabited by Native Americans who practiced subsistence hunting-gathering.
During the late 19th century, the valley was renowned for its natural beauty-often compared to that of Yosemite Valley-but also targeted for the development of water supply for irrigation and municipal interests. Not only was the Hetch Hetchy controversy one of water and preservation, but it became mired in the political issues of the day.
This issue spanned at least three presidents before finally being passed in Congress on December 7, 1913. In addition, this controversy exemplified the political and cultural landscape of the end of the Gilded Age and the midst of the Progressive Era in the United States.
With large conglomerates such as William Randolph Hearst controlling much of the media in the San Francisco area, as well as newspapers in other parts of the country, he helped shape the outcome of the passing of the Raker Act in Congress, allowing the dam to be built. Other prime examples of the progressive era included political scandal and controversy, especially prevalent in th