French Renaissance. The French Renaissance was the cultural and artistic movement in France between the 15th and early 17th centuries.
The period is associated with the pan-European Renaissance, a word first used by the French historian Jules Michelet to define the artistic and cultural rebirth of Europe. Notable developments during the French Renaissance include the spread of humanism, early exploration of the New World; the development of new techniques and artistic forms in the fields of printing, architecture, painting, sculpture, music, the sciences and literature; and the elaboration of new codes of sociability, etiquette and discourse.
The French Renaissance traditionally extends from the French invasion of Italy in 1494 during the reign of Charles VIII until the death of Henry IV in 1610. This chronology notwithstanding, certain artistic, technological or literary developments associated with the Renaissance arrived in France earlier; however, the Black Death of the 14th century and the Hundred Years' War kept France economically and politically weak until the late 15th century.
The reigns of Francis I of France and his son Henry II are generally considered the apex of the French Renaissance. The word Renaissance is a French word, whose literal translation into English is Rebirth.
The term was first used and defined by French historian Jules Michelet in his 1855 work Histoire de France. Ju