Gabriel Metsu (1629 - 1667). Gabriël Metsu was a Dutch painter of history paintings, still lifes, portraits, and genre works. He was a highly eclectic artist, who did not adhere to a consistent style, technique, or one type of subject for long periods. Only 14 of his 133 works are dated. Gabriel Metsu was the son of Jacques Metsu a tapestry worker and painter originally from Hainault, who lived most of his days at Leiden, and Jacquemijntje Garniers, the widow of a painter with three children of her own. It is not known when and where Gabriel was baptized; most likely in a Catholic hidden church but the baptismal records did not survive. Gabriel grew up on Lange Mare and his stepfather, a skipper, must have supported his education, because his mother was a poor midwife. In 1648 Metsu was registered among the first members of the painters' guild at Leiden. In 1650 he ceased to subscribe. Metsu was possibly trained in Utrecht by the Catholic painters Nicolaus Knüpfer and Jan Weenix. Around 1655 Metsu moved to Amsterdam; he lived in an alley on Prinsengracht, next to a brewery and near his relatives, the children of the sugar refiner Philips Metsu. In 1657 he got into an argument with a neighbor. Gabriel moved to a house on the canal side, where a daily vegetable market was held. In 1658 he married Isabella de Wolff, whose father was a potter and mother the painter Maria de Grebber. At the onset of the 1660s Metsu turned for inspiration to the art of the fijnschilders from his native Leiden. Metsu was responding to the market of Dou's paintings, who sold his paintings all over for exorbitant prices. Metsu may have also influenced Pieter de Hooch. For a while Metsu trained Michiel van Musscher and Joost van Geel. Metsu died at the age of 38 and was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk. Three bells were tolled; a habit in use with Dutch Catholics at that time. His widow left for Enkhuizen, to live with her mother. Isabella was buried in the Zuiderkerk in 1718. According to Arnold Houbraken, Metsu was taught by Gerard Dou, though prior to about 1653 his influence is not apparent. Around 1653-4, Metsu began placing his figures in domestic interiors and specialized in genre scenes on small panels. Old people were among Metsu's favorite thematic borrowings from Dou during his first years in Amsterdam.Metsu often painted young women who either fed pets, sold goods at market, or were grocery-shopping themselves for these provisions. Houbraken ends his biography with the comment that he was of impeccable reputation, but he may have meant this ironically. Often, the subject of a Metsu painting was based on a popular emblem from an emblem book. This can give the painting a double meaning, such as in The Poultry seller, 1662, showing an old man offering a rooster to a young girl in a symbolic pose that is based on a lewd engraving by Gillis van Breen, with the same scene. The accompanying verse is: Hoe duur dees vogel vogelaer? hy is vercocht waer? How much for the bird, birdman? It's sold. Where? aen een waerdinne clear, die ick vogel tgeheele Jaer. To an innkeeper, to whom I sell birds/that I have sex with the whole year through; Gillis van Breen after C. Clock. De vogelverkoper. Rijksprentenkabinet, Amsterdam. The Sick Child in Rijksmuseum from c. 1664 prompts the thought that Metsu strongly admired Vermeer's work. It also provides us with a hint about what he thought was lacking in it: emotional involvement of the viewer. At least thirteen of his paintings show carpets and he probably used the same model. He included several fine examples of minutely depicted floral and cloud band carpets in his works and even a silk oriental rug, as well as so-called lotto rugs which he for some reason, in contrast to his meticulous rendering of the floral carpets, depicted only in a very sketchy fashion. Around the year 1661, Metsu won the patronage of the Amsterdam cloth merchant Jan J. Hinlopen and painted his family more than once in a fashionable surrounding.There is still some confusion about two paintings by Metsu, the Portrait of the family Hinlopen, now in the Gemäldegalerie, which for a few decades was referred to as The Family of burgomaster Gillis Valckenier, and Visit to the Nursery, in the Metropolitan Museum. There is some general resemblance. The latter belonged to Jan J. Hinlopen. In 1662 Jan Vos published a poem about this painting. It might depict the Hinlopen family, but as the sitters have not been identified this painting it is more a genre work than a portrait. In 1721 Arnold Houbraken recalled the latter painting as the largest and finest work by Metsu he had ever seen.